Lamentation by Byzantine Painters and Jacob Cornelius Free Essays

Languishment by Byzantine painters and Jacob Cornelist. Van Oostsanen So-called Lamentations are by and large scenes of extraordinary soberness and bitterness. Byzantine painters and Jacob portrays a similar story with various style of painting and in various period. We will compose a custom exposition test on Languishment by Byzantine Painters and Jacob Cornelius or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now The two painters endeavored to make totally persuading a genuinely charged acknowledgment of the subject. The two craftsmen introduced outcry scene in progressively a characteristic setting and individuals in the picture are completely demonstrated. They included crying Mary and different strict portrayal to recount to their crowd the story is taken from book of scriptures. Both work of art share the equivalent scriptural subject yet contrast in a noteworthy manners that show their particular encapsulations of the twelfth and sixteenth century styles. Byzantine painter introduced their work on the divider painting style in the congregation, which is one of the most established in Macedonia and was assembled and painted in 1164 under the support of Byzantine ruler Alexios Komnenos. The congregation is generally popular for it’s extraordinary fresco canvases, which pass on sensational outward appearances and feelings not usually found in Byzantine craftsmanship. It was devoted to holy person Panteleimon. Byzantine painters adorned the congregation of holy person Pantaleimon with paintings of incredible passionate force. One of these, Lamentation, is a paint of enthusiastic despondency over the dead Christ. This scene really speaks to an oddity in Byzantine divider painting in light of its sensational authenticity. This magnum opus portrays the history in a New Testament. Focal spot in the sythesis of the dramatization takes Christ while Joseph Arimatean, Nicodemus, Mary, and John are member. Blessed mother of God kissed the dead essence of Christ, Joseph underpins the collection of Christ, John, who is the dearest witness of Christ, bowed down and he took Jesus hand to put it all over, and Nicodemus who stooped and with both hand he hold the pincers with which recovers nails of the feet of Christ nailed to the cross. The canvas shows their perspectives, articulations and signals of pity. Image of the Virgin Mary to her dead child is given practical, genuine scene appeared, with an accentuation on human sentiments. She is nearest to Christ body than different Jesus devotees appeared on the picture. She put her correct hand under Christ neck and the other hand just underneath his chest. She put her face against her dead child. Seeing her face, I can see she is stopped enthusiastic and can't shroud her inclination and melancholy rather she demonstrated it by crying. John, who was the Christ pupil, likewise shows his profound inclination and misery through his outward appearance. The collection of dead Christ likewise obviously shows he is dead. His body is corresponding, thin and loose and his eyes are shut which uncover he is dead. The picture of dead Christ doesn’t show his enduring obviously. His body is solid and away from any twisted. The divider over this scene is painted with blue shading, which speaks to the sky shading. In the sky there are edges looking out for dead Christ. The fundamental focal point of the painter of this perfect work of art is the outcry, which depicts the profound passionate sentiment of Christ adherents in light of death. The on-screen character in the image indicated passionate effect of Christ’s demise for watcher. On the hand, the Holland woodcuts and painter of sixteenth century called Jacob Cornelisz Van Oostsanen gave a similar scene altogether extraordinary way. This work was painted utilizing gum based paint and oil on board. In the byzantine painters essential consideration is the languishment of Christ and the feeling of his devotees yet here in the Van Oostsanen’s the enthusiastic overflowing of Mary and Christ’s pupils appears to be optional to the consideration paid by the craftsman to the stylishly garish hats and surging drapery delineated here. He added little to show the painting’s enthusiastic effect. Despite the fact that byzantine painters are acceptable in indicating the passionate effect they didn't obviously give the indication were Jesus was nailed on the cross. Van Oostsanen, then again, gave the indication were Christ was nailed to the cross. The Van Oostsanen paint is progressively brightening with apparel and building style, which eclipse the enthusiastic articulation because of the scene. On the rear of the work of art there are two crosses one with individual on the cross and the different cross is without an individual and the stepping stool is slanted against it. The unfilled stepping stool is the place Jesus was killed. A large portion of the entertainers in this artwork are not enthusiastic and Mary is crying but rather not so much passionate. The skin shade of this artistic creation is more reasonable than the byzantine painters utilized. In Van Oostsanen’s painting the essence of the entertainers are minimal lopsided. They have little and round face. In byzantine composition Mary is intently contacting her child, anyway in the van Oostsanen painting she is sitting ceaselessly for her child body and hold her child hand. The edges are likewise introduced in the byzantine artistic creation yet in Van Oostsanen there is no edge portrayal. There is little figure in the lower left, which may speak to the individual who authorized the composition. By and large, the painter was so skilled and ready to bring the image bursting at the seams with imaginative developments, lush, drapery, and cautious adjusting among unwinding and strain. Much the same as Van Oostsanen painting, Byzantine craftsman likewise indicated the occasion around them through etching to offer visual evidence of feeling of human friendship. The two artwork are very much done to show the languishment of Christ. In spite of the fact that these fine arts are done in various area and period, there are colossal likenesses in recounting to the scriptural story. The two painters indicated us the enthusiastic human articulation. Step by step instructions to refer to Lamentation by Byzantine Painters and Jacob Cornelius, Papers

General Robert E. Lee Essays - Fitzhugh Family Of Virginia

General Robert E. Lee Essays - Fitzhugh Family Of Virginia General Robert E. Lee Robert Edward Lee was conceived in Stradford in January 19, 1807. His father was Light Horse Henry. He had three siblings and two sisters, yet he was the most youthful. His family was likewise was exceptionally rich. Robert E. Lee went to United States Military Academy. He spent a lot of his time in his library. His cohorts appreciated him as a result of his administration furthermore, commitment. He graduated in 1829. He had a high respect at West Point, he indeed, even turned into an administrator at West Point. He improved the structures and courses. Robert wedded Mary Anna Randolph Custis Lee. His children?s names are Major General Custis Lee, W.H.F. Lee, Captain Robert E. Lee Jr., Mary Lee, Mildred Lee was the most youthful, and Agnes Lee. Robert E. Lee wedded two years after he graduated in 1829 and wedded in 1831. Mary is George Washington?s granddaughter. Lee was away such an extensive amount the time they never got the opportunity to see each other. They needed to compose letters to stay in contact. Lee generally voyaged alone. Mary acquired numerous slaves and they remained with her while she was separated from everyone else. After the war Lee returned home and breast fed his wiped out spouse. Mary had joint pain and was placed in a wheelchair. Lee was an extremely courageous, legitimate, and savvy man. He was a fighter, yet a nurturer. Lee wouldn?t permit anything said terrible regarding Grant. War broke out on the outskirt of Texas between United States and Mexico. The Generals were dazzled with Lee?s regulated structures of spans. In 1855 Lee turned into a lieutenant cournal of the calvary and was doled out Texas boondocks. He shielded pioneers from assaults from the Apache also, Comanche Indians. Lee detested subjugation like the North, however he lived in the South. The South detested Lincoln and the North and the South began to isolate. Abraham Lincoln inquired as to whether he needed to be a general for the North, yet Lee said ?No.? He needed to remain in his home state, Virginia. Lee was the principal military counselor to President Jefferson Davis. On May 1861 Lee turned into a General. He helped attract plans for the Confederate powers Virginia. In the Spring of 1864 Lee initially met Grant in fight. There was an arrangement of ridiculous fights called the Wilderness battle. Award pulverize the Confederates with enormous powers and firearms. At last in 1865 Lee got general what's more, head of every single Confederate power. After General Johnston was injured, Lee turned into a General. Lee helped plan numerous fights, for example, when they battled General Burnside. Richmond fell in April 1865, Lee?s armed force withdrew west ward. The north encompassed the Confederates. Lee gave up on April ninth, 1865. Award attempted to make the acquiescence simple. Award permitted the Confederate officers to take their ponies home for spring furrowing. Lee stated, ?It is well that war is so awful or we would develop to partial to it. Lee made his last ride down foe lines on his pony Traveler. Lee won yet he likewise lost. Lee lost since he lost the war, yet he won on the grounds that the war was finished. Lee turned into a private resident for first time in quite a while. He could have been rich, yet he came leader of Washington College in Lexington, Virginia. This school was named Washington and Lee University. Lee asked understudies also, companions to keep the harmony and to acknowledge the result of the war. His mentality was critical when harshness and scorn cleared over the North and the South. In Lee?s home in Lexington Virginia on October 12, 1870. He passed on from a sickness. A few people felt his demise as an individual misfortune. He is covered in the sanctuary he based nearby in Lexington, alongside different individuals from his family. They call this church ?The Shrine of the South.? It is visited by a great many individuals. Lee?s home is safeguarded in Arlington National Cemetery. Lee?s is a legitimate occasion in the greater part of the southern states close to Washington D.C. January 19. Lee?s gravestone is called Valentine sculpture.

Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 10

An unnatural weather change - Essay Example Disintegration and urbanization keep on being the fundamental guilty party that has wrecked domesticated animals. Peterson (2005)Agriculture requests in have gradually exponentially must be in consistence with the ecological principles that engendered the reason for deforestation. Truly, this article is firm to advance a natural methodology that would reduce coordinated vermin the board and safe utilization of bug spray, pesticides, weedicide, and herbicides. Thus, water assets are rare in light of clear human improvement as water contamination and consumption keep on plagueing the eco framework. Water assets rely upon the hydrologic cycle, on environmental change, and somewhat on fossil water in the ground. Peterson (2005) The consistent exhaustion of characteristic assets are developing barometrical weight that is negative to nature. Thus, the monstrous measure of populace development and the related increment in farming, which has prompt to use groundwater assets. It is clear that water shortage will be an issue. Subsequently, this represents a major issue of looking for different hotspots for vitality, which brings about consuming petroleum products. Consuming petroleum derivatives is a hindrance to the earth since it powers environmental change. This is an alleviation hazard that should be installed. One of the high central focuses that has been stressed throughout the years as an elective methodology for vitality source has been sun oriented vitality in this domain. The usage of a sun oriented activity can be an extremely strong arrangement that can be used for driving private and mechanical purposes. One of the numerous favorable circumstances that sun based vitality offer is considerable decrease in contamination since no waste item is yielded. The creation of vitality is being gotten from utilization of petroleum derivative. Another extraordinary aspect that sun based vitality offers is the way that it can bridle power in

Why People Need To Be Educated Essay - 275 Words

Why People Need To Be Educated (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Unit:Lecturer:Date Due:Why People Need To Be EducatedIntroductionEconomists have customarily considered education as an investment in human capital, which has a direct impact on both the educated individuals and the society at large. Generally speaking, people with better education have an upper hand in politics, social life and economics than those with basic schooling. However, it would be biased to assume that all the observable differences among people are brought by education. Many factors contribute to the difference in economic status and this includes family backgrounds and innate ability. In actual sense, these factors interact with the formal education environment and jointly help to develop preferences that determine peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s economic behavior. Even so, still there is evidence pointing out that, other factors neutral, better educated individuals normally have better jobs and higher income than those with average education. Further, they enjoy other benefits attributed to their schooling experience. Furthermore, it is factual that communities and countries with higher literacy levels have better living conditions than those with a less educated population. Therefore, this paper discusses the benefits of education as an attempt to substantiate the fact most of the observable difference in welfare are as a result of differences in education levels. To this end, the paper will have explored the reasons behind the need to be educated.The Impact of EducationFrom an economic point of view, the time and money invested in educating an individual is in itself an investment, and like any other form of investment and under ideal conditions, the education must pay returns. Typically, these returns have a positive net impact on the educated fellow and the society around him or her as a whole. Additionally, the returns can be seen as the ability of the educated individual to satisfy human needs. As of consequence, the benefits of educ ation can be defined as the impacts of schooling that produces the utility function. Given that the educated individuals live in communities, it follows that the benefits of education should be analyzed in terms of individual and society utility. Further, the benefits of education may be contained in terms of better production capabilities and less need to incur losses. Free primary education or subsidies on either tertiary or secondary education are examples of benefits that reduce the tax-payers educational costs. From a human capital perspective, numerous researches have been conducted to determine the relationship between schooling and monetary returns to both the leaner and the society at large CITATION OEC13 \p 1 \m Psa04 \p 111 \m van081 \p 1 \l 1033 (OECD 1; Psacharopoulos and Patrinos 111; van der Berg 1). The section that follows outlines the benefits of education by reviewing several empirical researches, and then discusses their findings with respect to the reasons beh ind schooling.Education reduces poverty in both developed and developing countriesVan der Berg (1) contends that when discussing the concept of education as a remedy of poverty in both developed and developing countries contexts, the debate should be broadened beyond the focus on an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s lack of financial resources to meet his or her basic needs: food, clothing and shelter. This is in view of the fact that the relationship between poverty and education is multifaceted. Poor households are often unable to access adequate education. Consequentially, they are constrained economically and socially. For example, a student from a poor family may not access tertiary education, thereby limiting his or her employment options. Unless someone breaks out and supports other family members, the poverty cycle is likely to continue within such contexts. Remarkably, it is only through basic education and technical skills that even peasant farmers get to understand how to climb thei r way out of either absolute or relative poverty CITATION Pet081 \p 5 \l 1033 (Orazem, Glewwe and Patrinos 5). Absolute poverty is the lack of monetary resources crucial to meet basic human needs CITATION van081 \p 11 \l 1033 (van der Berg 11). Conversely, relative poverty is determined by the society within which a person lives. For example, under the same economic resources, a family which may not be perceived as poor in Washington may be highlighted as poor in London. As of this writing London was the most expensive city CITATION The143 \p "par. 1" \l 1033 (The Telegraph par. 1). Inadequate financial resources may limit schooling among absolute poor people in developing countries. In contrast, the relatively poor people in developed countries often feel alienated in the schooling environment and such perceived exclusion hampers their ability to gain from education or to translate the benefits of being educated into meaningful employment.Better schooled people are economical ly productive, thus earn higher incomes that those that less educated CITATION van081 \p 3 \l 1033 (van der Berg 3). The higher income is also linked to the fact that better educated people have a better chance of being employed due to their rich skill set and experience. As economies continue to move to the global village and digital space, the probability of being employed rises with the levels of education. In the same context, earnings become are lucrative for people with higher levels of education. As of consequence, households with better education are less likely to be poor irrespective of their location across the world. Van der Berg (3) notes that middle-income countries are more likely to reap the benefits of educated labor than developing countries subject to the fact that the former often have developed markets for educated labor. In Chile, for example, between 25% and 30% of family income differences can be substantiated by the level of education of the family heads C ITATION van081 \p 3 \l 1033 (van der Berg 3).Education Enhances Economic GrowthEducation fuels economic growth in both poor and developed countries CITATION van081 \p 10 \l 1033 (van der Berg 10). Noteworthy, the upshot of education in economic development relies on the quantity and quality of education. Understandably, it is illogical to support a rapid expansion of education within a company while compromising quality. Arguably, both quality education and quantity of educational output stimulates economic growth. It is quality of education that translates to strategic leaders and managers. Quality and quantity education compliment the growing demand for highly skilled workers in the globalised world. As noted above, individual with better education earn more. In financially literate settings, high incomes translate to considerably high saving and investment patterns. For example, China and India has consistently strived to improve education and this has been mirrored by an inc rease in their economic growth rate CITATION van081 \p 6 \l 1033 (van der Berg 6). Such growth can mitigate poverty dramatically.Educated labor force competes at the international level for jobs. Lack of skilled labor derived from education is sometimes a constraint of development. For example, lack doctors, engineers, information technology experts and scientist limit growth of developing countries because they have to rely on developed countries for infrastructural development. In the context of labor market, the more educate people are likely to earn higher wages than the less educated folks CITATION Pet081 \p 4 \l 1033 (Orazem, Glewwe and Patrinos 4). It is worth noting that higher wages is also linked to higher productivity, which is time and again associated with strategic and knowledgeable human capital. Additionally, productivity indicates the ability of employers to recruit and retain a human resource that is well educated. Perhaps, this explains why most 500 Fortune co mpanies continue to train their human resource departments on issues pertaining to production and investments.Education influences income levels, which in turn influences the saving and investment patterns on an individual, group, community or country. As a matter of fact, education stimulates financial independence and transforms the lives of people ranging from investors, consumers and average citizens. In the view of the fact that there is a constructive relationship between education and income, it follows that financially literacy plays a critical role in the level of investment and Gross Domestic Product. That is to say, education, financial literacy to be precise, stimulates progressive investment in human capital and businesses at both individual and national levels CITATION Pet081 \p 5 \l 1033 (Orazem, Glewwe and Patrinos 5). Such investments fuel economic growth relative to the GDP. Eventually, local investors and venture capitalist benefit from educated labor and financ ial stability. While some studies provide a strong case for supporting primary education due to quantified economic benefits of being educated CITATION van081 \p 3 \l 1033 (van der Berg 3), new evidence indicates that investment in secondary and tertiary education may harvest higher benefits in most countries CITATION Psa04 \p 115 \l 1033 (Psacharopoulos and Patrinos 115). Globalization has increased the demand for highly skilled workers with diversified backgrounds. To meet this demand, individuals, education institutions and governments must adjust their educational output accordingly. Logically, it also implies that individuals must continue to work hard at school in all levels so as to remain relevant in the ever dynamic labor market.Education Improves Living Standards or Social WelfarePeople should be educated because schooling brings significant benefits to individuals and the society, not only through remunerative economic activities, but also thr...

How to Use the French Past Subjunctive

The past subjunctive is used for the same reasons as the present subjunctive: to express emotion, doubts, and uncertainty. There is a large variety of situations in which  subjunctive is used, just as there are many different expressions that go along with them. Note that the only difference between the present subjunctive  and the past subjunctive  is tense; usage is the same for both. Construction of the Past Subjunctive The French past subjunctive is a  compound conjugation, which means it has two parts: subjunctive  of the  auxiliary verb  (either  avoir  or  Ãƒ ªtre)past participle  of the main verb Like all French compound conjugations, the past subjunctive may be subject to a grammatical  agreement: When the auxiliary verb is  Ãƒ ªtre, the  past participle  must agree with the subject.When the auxiliary verb is  avoir, the past participle may have to agree with its  direct object. Example 1 Je ne crois pas, quil ait commencà © ce travail. I dont think he started the job yet. Je ne crois pas present tenseil ait subjunctive of  avoircommencà © past participle of commencer Example 2 Il faut que vous soyez partis avant matin. You need to be gone before morning. Il faut que present tensevous soyez subjunctive of  Ãƒ ªtrepartis past participle of partir, in agreement with the subject vous Usage of the Past Subjunctive Le passà © du subjonctif is used to express an uncertain action that supposedly happened before the moment of speaking. We employ it when the verb in the subordinate clause, the verb that follows que, happened before the verb in the main clause. The past subjunctive can be used in a subordinate clause when the main clause is either in the present tense or the past tense. When the Main Clause is in the Present Tense Je suis heureuse que tu sois venu hier. Im happy that you came yesterday.Nous avons peur quil nait  pas mangà ©. Were afraid that he didnt eat. When the Main Clause is in the Past Tense The past subjunctive may be also used in a subordinate clause when the main clause is in the past tense. Note that if the meaning of the main clause did not call for the subjunctive and if the subordinate clause happened before the verb in the main clause, the subordinate clause would have been in plus-que-parfait (the past perfect). (See example below.) For this reason, the subordinate clause should technically be in plus-que-parfait subjonctif (the pluperfect subjunctive), but that is replaced by the past subjunctive in all but the most formal French. An example of main clause—past perfect, subordinate clause—past perfect: Elle savait que je lavais vue. She knew I had seen her. Past subjunctive with main sentence in past tense: Il doutait que vous layez vu. He doubted that you had seen it.Javais peur quils soient tombà ©s.  I was afraid that they had fallen.

The Tough Approach On Crime Control Essay - 1037 Words

The â€Å"get tough approach† to crime control has been prevalent since the 1960s. This approach takes the stance to a more firm and no tolerance policy against crime, hence the term â€Å"tough† in the actual title. â€Å"Tough crime control normally denotes more emphasis on police resources, faster apprehension of criminals, quick trials, and more severe sentences for guilty offenders† (Skoler 1971:29). The â€Å"get tough approach† emphasizes the need to arrest and punish criminals over rehabilitation and addressing the social factors that underlie criminal behavior (Barkan and Bryjak 2011). Deterrence of other criminals through severe punishments is the primary focus. The â€Å"get tough approach† of criminal justice institutions has been under scrutiny due to the outcomes that we will discuss further on. The purpose of this paper is to simply present the pros and cons that have resulted from the â€Å"get tough approach† on crime. The paper will try and remain completely unbiased to the â€Å"get tough approach† and solely focus on results that have come from said approach. We will begin by discussing the background and history of the â€Å"get tough approach† and what led to its development. We will then discuss things such as incarceration rates (US Department of Justice), crime rates (Dilulio 1995) juveniles in prison (Hinton 2015), policies that have been implemented (Shephard 2002), correctional costs, and destabilized urban neighborhoods (Barkan Bryjak 2011; Black 2007; Mauer 2006) that resultShow MoreRelatedThe State Based Justice System1550 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloped state, crime and social order was maintained through informal social controls, such as ridicule and expulsion. Behaviour was controlled through norms and strong desires to maintain in-group conformity and solidarity. These societies had no centralized agent for formal control. This was known as community justice (Griffiths , 2011, p. 13). As societies developed and evolved, the informal community justice system was replaced by the formal state based justice system. As a result, crime was enforcedRead MoreThe Issue Of Juvenile Internment1606 Words   |  7 Pageson the edge, the ones for whom violence and arrest, addiction or death, are clearly in the cards, but still-perhaps-avoidable, (Humes 232). How can a child’s right to liberty, her parent’s right to act as guardian and the states interest to prevent crime be balanced with regard to status offenses. Although the original parens patriae stressed individual rehabilitation, primitive psychological knowledge combined with a concern of external scrutiny left most forms of juvenile internment seeming retributiveRead MoreThe Use Of Force And Gender Symmetry1493 Words   |  6 Pagesbattering against their current of former female partners much more often being victims of battering. The findings are consistent with findings from national crime survey data, revealing that women s use force is often in self-defense, retaliation, or to express anger, stress or frustration, whereas men s use of violence is often to control and exercise power over their partners. Thus, the motivation for violence differs between men and women. Furthermore, the damage caused by women when using forceRead MoreIncreased Population of Prisons Essay1606 Words   |  7 Pagesenormous social issues for our government. The United States has seen steady growth in its prisons. A projected increment in seen due to â€Å"get-tough† policies that locks up offenders for longer sentences (Ohlemacher, 2007, para. 1). The correction system had been through various phases of transformation, and the government had been tough on crime; this approach had resulted in rising prison populations. There are many factors that cause overcrowding prisons in the United States. As a result, prisonersRead MoreThe United States Juvenile Justice Court Was Based O n The1325 Words   |  6 Pagesjuvenile offenders with institutional treatment with the houses of refuge and reformatories failed. Today, the United States has 51 different juvenile court systems; the laws and statutes vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Thus, each state’s approach to handle the youth offenders is responsible for how the youth offenders will experience the justice system. Both the past and the present approaches to deal with juvenile offenders have shaped today’s juvenile justice system. According to BartollasRead MoreCriminal Justice Systems And Its Effect On Parole Board1711 Words   |  7 Pagesto bring those offenders who commit crimes before the court of justice. In the assessment paper, observation was conducted through a range of scholarly research/ newspaper reports, articles, The age, Herald Sun, Victorian General news wires. Critical analysis , was also conducted to different issues, thus; Victorian government tougher sentencing on crimes to implement â€Å"law and order†, overcrowding prison, PSOs, mandatory sentencing, statistics approach, Meagher rape case and impact on paroleRead MoreOutgrowing Juvenile Justice: Jamal Vick Case Study Raises Essay606 Words   |  3 PagesIn Outgrowing Juvenile Justice, Michael Jonas (2001) raises several important issues concerning juvenile justice policies and practices. In discussing Jamal Vick, a range of youth crime issues surfaces, including: †¢ Balancing treatment verses punishment †¢ Responses to serious juvenile offenders o Waiver into the adult criminal justice system o Utilize the juvenile justice system o Blend elements of both the adult system and the juvenile system †¢ Youth in confinement o Growing numbers of youthRead MoreThe Los Angeles Intervention Approach895 Words   |  4 PagesThe Los Angeles intervention approach produces positive and negative attributes to combating gang related criminality. Gangs in society today, are problematic in many aspects. There are many different avenues city officials can take to combat or reduce gang related crime. Various methodologies have been used to take on this problem and have had successful results (Spergel,1986). â€Å"The general idea is that if gang members will not respond to ordinary social agency programs, then the programs mustRead MoreAmericas War on Drugs - The Prison Industrial Complex Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican people and the devastating effect it has had on those in prison and the family members of those incarcerated. With Canadas Prime Minister Stephan Harper and his Conservative approach to follow in our bordering neighbors foot sets with the Safe Streets and Communities Act, and his get tough on crime approach Canadians are entering dangerous territory. America government is now warning the Canadian people that these harsher and more punitive laws against the war on drugs will only causeRead MoreGANG VIOLENCE AND HARSH PENALTIES1465 Words   |  6 Pagesothers, gang violence affects every American: either monetarily as a taxpayer or directly as a victim. Regardless, it is a concern of every individual; therefore, the criminal justice system has been addressing it for years in different ways. The approach of emphasizing harsh punishments has been implemented for quite some time now and it remains to be an accepted tactic. Despite its popularity, the implementation of harsh punishments has been shown to be counterproductive. It continues to spread

The Controversy over the No Child Left Behind Act/ Parent Involvement free essay sample

The Controversy over the No Child Left Behind Act/ Parent involvement The No Child Left behind Act is the central issue of debates in the educational arena. In wanting to provide accountability and close the achievement gaps between various sub-groups of the population, the federal government enacted NCLB in 2002. The act focuses on four pillars: stronger accountability, freedom for states and communities, proven educational methods, and more choices for parents. Since its inception, it has been surrounded by controversy. The (NCLB) divided decision makers from local school systems all the way to the federal level. My stand on this topic is when parents will be held accountable. What will be done to parents who do not take an active role in their Childs education? The (NCLB) has put plans in place to hold school and teachers accountable what will they do for parents that are not highly qualified. Places all of the blame and changes on schools and teachers is not the answer because learning starts at home and parents are the first teachers. We will write a custom essay sample on The Controversy over the No Child Left Behind Act/ Parent Involvement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page President Bush signed The No Child Left behind Act (NCLB) in 2001, and it was enacted in 2002. It is the reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, which itself was reauthorized in 1994. The NCLB expanded the role of the federal government in education and has become the pivotal point of public education, spurring debates amongst for anyone interested. The act is aimed at improving education of disadvantaged students by holding states, schools, and educators accountable for student progress. Education Week September 21, 2004). There are four pillars to the NCLB, accountability being foremost. Annual academic testing is a key element in accountability and must be completed by each state every year. These tests compare the students to each other in their given state of residence. By the school year 2013/2014 the states must bring all students up to the â€Å"proficient† level. Individual schools must also make â€Å"adequate yearly progress† (A YP) for students and sub-groups of students. If schools receiving Title I funds fail to make AYP two years in a role, they must offer another public school choice to students that choose to leave that school. (Education Week September 21, 2004) Teachers, under the NCLB, must be â€Å"highly qualified. † This means that teachers must demonstrate competency in the content area they teach, by being certified in their given area. The paraprofessionals that are hired with Title I funds must hold an associate’s degree or higher or demonstrate competency. The act in general, is designed around all stakeholders in a child’s education is to be held accountable, including the parents. (Education Week September 21, 2004) Parents are informed regularly on student progress and in their areas of strengths and weaknesses, as well as the schools progress in education the students. Parents are encouraged to partner with the school in educating the students. In 2002 when the NCLB was enacted, it was legislated for 5 years. It was expected to be renewed, with no second thought, in 2007. It turns out that when the act was up for renewal, according to White (2009), the Senate Democrats were divided on the issue and most of the Republicans despised it. The Act was put aside to contemplate reform ideas. It was put on the back burner until January of 2009. President Obama, during his campaign, stated he is in favor of public education and against publicly funded vouchers to pay for private school education. He vowed to fix the many problems of the NCLB, some of which are pay raises for teachers and a redesign of the high-stake test to support learning without punishing teachers. White, 2007) Supporters of the NCLB believe with the federal government that accountability, with an emphasis on testing, will improve the quality of public education. They also believe setting standards of achievement and providing resources, especially in disadvantaged schools, will level the playing field for all. The opposition, major teacher unions and some parents, claim that the act has no t improved education and which is evidenced by the high-stake testing results. They claim the tests themselves are flawed and biased. There is some that feel that the federal government has no place legislating for education, it should be left up to the individual states. My take on this, as an educator for the past ten years is that I agree that instruction should be aligned to standards. I think the teachers should be highly knowledgeable in the content area they are teaching. The only problem I have with standards is that they should be â€Å"national standards. † I see too many students transferring from various states that are either behind or ahead of where we are when they enter the system. I also believe there is too much pressure put on the teachers to perform on the standardized tests. I have taught in a school system that was deemed â€Å"needs improvement. † I can honestly say the teachers were doing everything they could to get the school to make AYP; we had no support from home. We are teaching the standards set forth by the state, we felt the pressure of student performance. My argument is that the only part of the accountability piece of NCLB that is not being addressed is the role of the parent. The school systems and teachers are providing progress to the parents and living up to their end of the NCLB. Are the parents doing their part? We are lucky if we see 100 parents on parent night, report card night, etc. We need more parent support; teachers cannot do it all. Parents need to step up to the plate and take an active role in their child’s education. The home is the first place where learning starts and the parent is the first teacher a child has in life. Parental involvement in a child’s life has a major effect on a child having a successful education. When parents provide structure, support, and guidance in the home the child has a higher success rate than those that don’t have these three critical factors. When a child is nurtured at home, has a parent that shows interest and becomes involved in the child’s, education it gives the teacher a better chance at teaching a child. The parent’s positive attitude about school and education is imperative to a child’s achievement and success. When a parent demonstrates a positive attitude about school and learning then, more than likely, the child will have a positive outlook about his or her education. Parents cannot put all the responsibility on the education system; they must take an active role in their child’s education because no matter what plan or act that is put in place, teaching and learning start at home first, and we need more parent support. References No child left behind. (2004). Education week spotlight. Retrieved November 5, 2010, from http://www. edweek. org/ew/issues/no-child-left-behind/ White, D. (2009). Pros cons of the No Child Left behind Act. Us Liberal Politics. Retrieved November 4, 2010, from http://usliberals. about. com/od/education/i/NCLBProsCons2. htm